Degrees to Consider for a Career in Agricultural Food and Natural Sciences

Choosing the right major is a critical step in turning your passion for agriculture and the natural world into a rewarding career. Whether you’re interested in sustainable farming, food science, environmental conservation, or agribusiness, there’s a wide range of degree options that align with these fields.

In this blog article, we’ll explore how a degree in agricultural, food, and natural sciences — such as those offered by NMSU Global Campus — can prepare you for success in these industries.

We’ll also answer common questions like “Is agricultural science a good major?” and “What degree is best for farming?” while delving into the unique opportunities available within natural science programs. Whether you aspire to innovate in sustainable farming practices or contribute to global food security, this guide will help you find the academic pathway that best fits your goals.

Explore Agriculture Degree Options from NMSU Global Campus

What Is Agricultural Science?

Agricultural science is the study of farming systems, food production, and the management of natural resources to meet the demands of a growing population.

This interdisciplinary field bridges biology, chemistry, technology, and economics to address food security, sustainable farming, and environmental conservation challenges. From working on the farm to contributing to agribusinesses and research institutions, agricultural science offers a wide array of career paths that cater to various skill sets and interests.

The Scope of Agricultural Science

Agricultural science encompasses several areas, including:

• Crop and Soil Science: Focuses on the growth of crops, soil health, and the optimization of agricultural yields.
• Animal Science: Covers livestock management, animal nutrition, and sustainable farming practices.
• Food Science and Technology: Investigates food production, safety, and innovation in processing techniques.
• Agricultural Economics and Policy: Analyzes market trends, trade policies, and the financial sustainability of agricultural enterprises.
• Environmental and Sustainable Agriculture: Addresses the impact of farming practices on ecosystems and promotes environmentally friendly techniques.

This diversity allows students to specialize in areas that align with their career goals, whether they aspire to work hands-on in farming, conduct laboratory research, or influence agricultural policies.

How the Agricultural Industry Works

The agricultural industry continues to grow annually as the demand for various production items like crops, livestock, and other commodities grows. Growth is fueled by population growth, changing diets, and urbanization, making careers within the agricultural industry critical. According to Statista, ¹ the agriculture market is projected to grow at a rate of 3.76% annually (CAGR 2024-2029).

The agricultural industry is an interconnected system that includes production, distribution, and consumption. Key components include:

1. Farming and Production: The cultivation of crops and livestock forms the backbone of agriculture. This stage involves soil management, irrigation, pest control, and harvesting.
2. Supply Chain and Distribution: After production, agricultural products are processed, packaged, and transported to markets or industries for consumption or further use.
3. Innovation and Technology: Advances in precision agriculture, biotechnology, and automation have transformed the industry, making processes more efficient and sustainable.
4. Research and Development: Agricultural scientists and researchers work on improving crop yields, developing resistant plant varieties, and addressing climate-related challenges.

Skillsets Needed in Agricultural Workplaces

The skills required for a career in agricultural science depend on the chosen specialization and work setting. Here are some key skills and their relevance:

1. Technical Skills:
   • For farming and field work, knowledge of soil science, pest management, and crop rotation is essential for effective agricultural practices.
   • For food processing, expertise in quality control, food safety regulations, and laboratory analysis is critical.
2. Data and Technological Proficiency:
   • Familiarity with tools like GIS (Geographic Information Systems), remote sensing, and agricultural robotics is increasingly valuable in modern farming.
   • Data analysis skills for monitoring yields, market trends, and environmental conditions are vital for research and business roles.
3. Business and Economic Acumen:
   • For roles in agribusiness or policy, an understanding of market dynamics, financial planning, and trade regulations is necessary.
4. Communication and Collaboration:
   • Effective communication is vital for roles involving stakeholder management, community outreach, or policy advocacy.
5. Adaptability and Problem-Solving:
   • Agricultural professionals often work in dynamic environments, requiring them to address unpredictable factors such as weather changes, pest outbreaks, or economic shifts.

Majors to Explore in Agricultural Science

As you’ve seen, agricultural science is a broad field with various branches that cater to a wide range of interests and skills. Whether you’re passionate about hands-on farming, sustainable practices, environmental conservation, or the business side of agriculture, there are specific majors that can align with your career goals.

Here are some of the most popular and impactful agricultural science majors that can help you carve out a fulfilling path in this ever-evolving industry. Depending on your interests and career goals, consider these related majors:

• Agricultural Science: A broad focus that combines elements of crop production, livestock management, and environmental sustainability.
• Animal Science: Ideal for those interested in veterinary work, livestock nutrition, or sustainable farming.
• Environmental Science: Emphasizes conservation, ecology, and the impact of farming on natural resources.
• Agribusiness: Merges agricultural knowledge with business skills, preparing graduates for roles in management, marketing, or policy.

The programs offered by NMSU Global Campus provide flexible learning opportunities in agricultural science, allowing students to gain the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for this dynamic industry. NMSU Global Campus helps students to further their careers within the agricultural industry with two distinct master’s degree options:

• Master of Agriculture: Domestic Animal Biology
• Master of Arts in Agricultural and Extension Education: Agricultural Strategic Communications

These graduate degrees are tailored to address modern challenges in agriculture, preparing students for meaningful careers that contribute to global food security and sustainability. Let’s explore these two graduate degree options below:

Master of Agriculture: Domestic Animal Biology at NMSU Global Campus

The Master of Agriculture in Domestic Animal Biology program at NMSU Global Campus is tailored for professionals looking to deepen their understanding of animal science, focusing on the biology, care, and management of domestic animals. This advanced degree is ideal for individuals interested in careers related to animal health, livestock production, or veterinary sciences.

Who Is This Degree For?

This program is perfect for those who are passionate about working with animals and want to pursue leadership roles in fields like animal husbandry, veterinary care, or livestock management. It is especially suited for:

• Veterinary professionals seeking advanced knowledge in animal biology.
• Animal health specialists wanting to broaden their expertise in domestic animal management.
• Agricultural managers looking to enhance their skills in animal nutrition, breeding, and welfare.
• Students transitioning from related fields such as biology or environmental science, who want to focus on domestic animal biology.

Skillsets Acquired

Through the Master of Agriculture in Domestic Animal Biology, students gain expertise in a variety of crucial areas, including:

• Animal Genetics and Breeding: Understanding genetics to improve breeding programs for livestock and domestic animals.
• Animal Health and Disease Management: Learning about common animal diseases, their prevention, and treatment.
• Nutrition and Feeding: Developing knowledge of proper animal nutrition to ensure healthy and productive animals.
• Reproductive Biology: Gaining insights into the reproductive systems of domestic animals and best practices for breeding management.
• Animal Behavior: Studying the psychology of animals to improve handling, welfare, and training practices.

Additionally, students develop skills in research methodology, preparing them to conduct studies in animal biology, nutrition, and health.

Career Opportunities

Graduates of the program are equipped to pursue careers in a variety of fields, such as:

• Veterinary Science: Working as veterinary technicians, veterinary consultants, or animal health professionals.
• Livestock Management: Managing farm or ranch operations, focusing on animal welfare, breeding, and productivity.
• Animal Nutrition: Becoming experts in formulating diets for livestock and companion animals in farms, feed mills, or pet food companies.
• Animal Research: Conducting studies on animal behavior, genetics, or health at research institutions, universities, or government agencies.
• Regulatory and Policy Roles: Working for government or nonprofit organizations focused on animal welfare, agriculture policy, or food safety.

The Master of Agriculture in Domestic Animal Biology provides a strong foundation for those interested in pursuing leadership roles in animal science and agriculture, with the flexibility of an online format to fit the needs of working professionals.

Master of Arts in Agricultural Extension Education: Agricultural Strategic Communications at NMSU Global Campus

The Agricultural Strategic Communications track for the Master of Arts in Agricultural Extension Education at NMSU Global Campus is designed for professionals seeking to enhance their skills in agricultural education and community outreach.

This degree emphasizes the intersection of agriculture, communication, and education, focusing on crafting effective messages and engaging diverse audiences. The program provides the knowledge and tools necessary to promote agricultural policies and educate communities through strategic media, leadership development, and outreach initiatives.

Who Is This Degree For?

This program is ideal for individuals already working in agriculture who are looking to advance their careers in extension services, community outreach, or agricultural education. It is especially suited for:

• Extension educators and agents seeking advanced skills to improve their ability to deliver educational programs to farmers and rural communities.
• Agricultural professionals who want to transition into roles that involve community engagement, policy advising, or agricultural consulting.
• Farmers and ranchers interested in broadening their influence by becoming educators or leaders in their communities, helping to implement best practices in farming and sustainable agricultural practices.

Skillsets Acquired

Through the Master of Arts in Agricultural Extension Education, students develop critical skills in areas such as:

• Community Outreach and Engagement: Gaining expertise in creating and implementing educational programs that address local agricultural challenges, such as crop management, livestock care, or sustainable practices.
• Communication and Strategic Planning: Learning how to design effective communication strategies for diverse audiences, including farmers, policymakers, and the public.
• Program Evaluation and Impact Assessment: Developing the ability to assess the effectiveness of extension programs and identify areas for improvement to ensure positive outcomes in the community.
• Leadership and Policy Advocacy: Building leadership skills to influence policy and advocate for agricultural initiatives at local, state, or national levels.

Additionally, students in this program learn how to leverage technology and innovative teaching methods to reach broader audiences, making it a versatile and forward-thinking degree.

Career Opportunities

Graduates of the Master of Arts in Agricultural Extension Education are well-equipped for leadership roles in various sectors, including:

• Extension Education: Working as extension agents or educators in government agencies, non-profit organizations, or university extension programs, delivering critical agricultural education to rural and farming communities.
• Agricultural Policy and Advocacy: Leading policy initiatives or working with government and private organizations to advocate for sustainable agricultural practices, rural development, and food security.
• Community Development: Collaborating with local governments or international organizations to improve agricultural practices and boost community resilience.
• Consulting: Offering expert advice on agricultural techniques, environmental stewardship, or community engagement strategies to private agricultural businesses or government agencies.
• Corporate Agricultural Communications: Working in agribusiness or marketing firms to promote educational initiatives, product development, or sustainability campaigns.

The online format of this program offers flexibility for working professionals, allowing them to gain advanced skills while continuing their careers.

Explore Master of Arts in Agricultural Extension Education at NMSU Global Campus.

Which Major Is Best for You?

To pursue a master’s degree in fields like agricultural extension education or domestic animal biology, students typically need to have an undergraduate background in areas closely related to agriculture, animal science, environmental science, or business.

Below are some recommended majors and preparatory steps for students considering these advanced degrees:

Recommended Undergraduate Majors:

1. Agricultural Science: A bachelor’s in agricultural science provides a broad foundation in crop production, animal husbandry, and sustainable farming practices, which is ideal for pursuing a master’s degree in agricultural extension education or animal biology.
2. Animal Science: For those interested in domestic animal biology, an undergraduate degree in animal science is a natural choice. It covers topics such as animal health, genetics, nutrition, and physiology, all of which are crucial for further study at the master’s level.
3. Environmental Science: For students interested in sustainability, conservation, or agricultural practices that are eco-friendly, a background in environmental science is valuable. This is particularly important for agricultural extension education roles focusing on sustainable farming and community engagement.
4. Biology or Life Sciences: A general biology or life sciences degree provides foundational knowledge in organismal biology, genetics, and environmental science. These subjects are key to understanding animal behavior, nutrition, and agricultural ecosystems.
5. Agribusiness or Agricultural Economics: For students looking to take on leadership roles in agricultural policy, community outreach, or agricultural education, a degree in agribusiness or agricultural economics helps develop essential skills in business, economics, and policy, which are important for extension services and program development.
6. Veterinary Science or Pre-Veterinary Studies: Those interested in veterinary work or animal health management might pursue a pre-veterinary or veterinary science degree before advancing to a master’s in animal biology.

Advisable Skills and Knowledge:

In addition to a relevant undergraduate degree, students should aim to build the following skills:

• Communication: Strong written and verbal communication skills are vital, especially in fields like agricultural extension education, where effective outreach and education are key.
• Research and Analytical Skills: Experience with research and data analysis is highly beneficial, particularly for those pursuing animal biology or working in agricultural research.
• Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking: Students should develop the ability to approach challenges in agriculture with creativity and practicality, especially in areas like sustainable farming, animal health, and policy development.
• Technology and Innovation: Familiarity with agricultural technology (like GIS systems, animal tracking devices, and data management software) and an understanding of emerging trends like AI and precision agriculture can set students apart in the field.

Additional Pathways to Consider:

• Internships and Field Experience: Gaining hands-on experience through internships, volunteer work, or research projects can significantly enhance a student’s qualifications for master’s programs. This is especially true for agricultural extension education, where community interaction and practical knowledge are crucial.
• Certifications: Depending on the program, additional certifications in animal health, sustainable farming practices, or extension education can be valuable.

These undergraduate and preparatory steps will lay the foundation for a successful career in agriculture or animal science at the graduate level. The specific path may vary based on the student’s chosen area of focus — whether it’s working directly with animals, managing agricultural practices, or promoting education and sustainable development within farming communities.

Already Have an Undergraduate Degree in a Related Field? See How a Master’s Degree Can Help Further Your Career in Agriculture

References

1. “Agriculture – Worldwide | Statista Market Forecast.” Statista, accessed January 2025.